Enhancing Australia’s Weather and Climate Data: Exemplary’s Recent and Imminent Advances

Exemplary Energy is set to undertake an important task that underscores our core mission: updating and enhancing weather and climate data to keep it relevant. We are doing this for 250 locations across Australia, covering the years 1990 to 2022. By comparison, the NatHERS climate data set (and the many-flawed CSIRO “replication” of them) covers 1990-2015 for only 69 locations. More importantly, we disseminate the full 33-year weather record in formats required by industry while NatHERS and CSIRO keep that underlying weather data record secret.

Along with the introduction of hourly precipitation data*, we are also enhancing the datasets with more accurate cloud cover information derived from the more recently deployed BOM ceilometer network. Together, these improvements provide a more complete and nuanced understanding of Australia’s weather patterns, making the data an invaluable tool for a wide range of applications, including 33-year simulations to establish the full range of variation in annual performance. This lies hidden when using just a distilled “climate year”, however well that data is derived.

The impact of these enhancements extends beyond academic research and leading-edge projects. They have significant practical implications, particularly for designers, developers and facility managers. With a more precise understanding of precipitation patterns and cloud cover, facility managers can better manage moisture-related issues (including rain washing of solar PV installations and farms). This leads to more accurate performance prediction, healthier indoor environments and lower maintenance and rectification costs.

In addition, these improvements in weather and climate data will contribute to the development of locally-specific construction standards and design guidelines. They ensure that our data meets the evolving requirements of AIRAH DA07 and NCC updates, supporting practitioners in their efforts to adapt to the changing climate.

This ongoing effort reflects our dedication to providing valuable resources for understanding Australia’s unique climate dynamics and promoting renewable energy systems and building sustainability in both design and operation.

* The cornerstone of this initiative is our use of advanced machine learning techniques. By employing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based algorithm, we can transform daily precipitation totals into detailed hourly datasets. As described in our recent publication, “Precipitation Data for Enhanced Facility Management: A Novel Approach using Machine Learning“, this methodological advancement enables us to provide a more granular understanding of Australia’s climate. But precipitation is only part of the enhancement picture.

Exemplary Weather and Energy (EWE) Index May 2023

The Exemplary Real Time Year weather files (RTYs), current Reference Meteorological Year files (RMYs) and Ersatz Future Meteorological Years (EFMYs) used for these monthly simulations are available for purchase to allow clients to simulate their own designs for energy budgeting and monitoring rather than rely on analogy with the performance of these archetypical buildings and systems. Solar irradiation data courtesy of Solcast.

Archetypical buildings and systems

3-storey office

10-storey office

Supermarket

5kW domestic PV system


ADELAIDE

Adelaide had a more humid and cooler May compared to the long-term average . The GHI was higher and the wind speeds were comparable.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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The solar PV simulation output results were 3.3% down on the average. Cooling peak loads saw a 14% decrease in the 3-storey office, 17% in the 10-storey office, while the supermarket saw a 22% decrease.


BRISBANE

Brisbane had a significantly less humid and cooler May compared to the long-term average. The GHI was higher and the wind speeds were comparable.

Weather Index

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The solar PV simulation output results were 17% higher than average, and all the building archetypes saw decreased cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were 6.0% and 3.3% higher for the 3-storey office and the 10-storey office, respectively, while the supermarket saw a 7.4% decrease.


CANBERRA

Canberra experienced a more humid and much cooler and windier May compared to the long-term average. The GHI was also higher, leading to a 10% increase in the (more effectively cooled and thus more efficient) solar PV simulation output results.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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In our recent analysis of weather and energy building simulations, we have noticed a substantial increase in heating consumption across all building archetypes in Canberra. Upon careful evaluation, these results can be significantly attributed to the prevailing weather conditions. We have noted that the Dry Bulb Temperature has been significantly lower, whilst the Wind Speed has been substantially higher.

These conditions, combined with Heating Degree Hours value being more than double the Reference Meteorological Year Building (RMY-B), justify the observed increased heating demands despite higher Global Horizontal Irradiance Direct Normal Irradiance.


DARWIN

Darwin experienced a less humid and cooler May compared to the long-term average. GHI and wind speeds were higher, leading to a 1.2% increase in the PV simulation output.

Weather Index

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Compared to the long-term average, all the building archetypes had higher cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were up 2.7% for the 3-storey office building, 4.4% for the 10-storey office building and 2.2% in the supermarket.


HOBART

Hobart experienced a marginally less humid and overall cooler May compared to the long-term average. The GHI and the wind speeds were higher. 

Weather Index

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The solar PV simulation output results were 5.6% higher than the long-term average. Heating peak load was 11% lower for the supermarket, and 20% and 17% higher for the 3-storey and 10-storey offices, respectively. 


MELBOURNE

Melbourne experienced a more humid and cooler May compared to the long-term average. The GHI and the wind speeds were higher. 

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The solar PV simulation output results were 3.1% higher than the long-term average. All archetypes saw a significant decrease in cooling peak loads. The 3-storey office saw a decrease of 28%, the 10-storey office saw a decrease of 46%, and the supermarket saw a decrease of 89%. 


PERTH

Perth experienced a less humid and warmer May compared to the long-term average. The GHI was higher, and the wind speeds were significantly higher. 

Weather Index

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The solar PV simulation output results were 4.5% higher than the long-term average. All archetypes saw a significant increase in heating peak loads. The 3-storey office saw an increase of 68%, the 10-storey office saw an increase of 89%, and the supermarket saw an increase of 36%. 


SYDNEY

Sydney experienced a less humid and cooler May compared to the long-term average. The GHI was higher, and the wind speeds were also generally higher. 

Weather Index

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The solar PV simulation output results were 15% higher than the long-term average. All archetypes saw a decrease in cooling peak loads, and an increase in heating peak loads. The cooling peak loads were 26% lower for the 3-storey office and 10-storey office, and 22% lower for the supermarket. The heating peak loads were 24% higher for the 3-storey office and supermarket, and 21% higher for the 10-storey office. 

Exemplary Weather and Energy (EWE) Index April 2023

The Exemplary Real Time Year weather files (RTYs), current Reference Meteorological Year files (RMYs) and Ersatz Future Meteorological Years (EFMYs) used for these monthly simulations are available for purchase to allow clients to simulate their own designs for energy budgeting and monitoring rather than rely on analogy with the performance of these archetypical buildings and systems. Solar irradiation data courtesy of Solcast.

Archetypical buildings and systems

3-storey office

10-storey office

Supermarket

5kW domestic PV system


ADELAIDE

Adelaide had a more humid April, with higher early morning temperatures than the long-term average with a comparable profile for the rest of the day. The GHI and the wind speeds were also comparable.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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The solar PV simulation output results were 3.2% up on the average. Cooling peak loads saw a 14% decrease in the 3-storey office, 17% in the 10-storey office, while the supermarket saw a 22% decrease.


BRISBANE

Brisbane had a significantly less humid April, with temperatures comparable to the long-term average. The GHI and the wind speeds were slightly higher.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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The solar PV simulation output results were 2.5% lower than average, and all the building archetypes saw increased cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were 6.0% and 3.3% higher for the 3-storey office and the 10-storey office, respectively, while the supermarket saw a 7.4% decrease.


CANBERRA

Canberra experienced a significantly more humid and cooler April compared to the long-term average. The GHI was higher, while the wind speeds were comparable.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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The solar PV simulation output results were 2.8% down on the average. Cooling peak loads decreased by 16% in the 3-storey office, 25% in the 10-storey office and 10% in the supermarket.


DARWIN

Darwin experienced a significantly more humid April with temperatures comparable to the long-term average. GHI and wind speeds were significantly lower, leading to a 12.5% decrease in the PV simulation output.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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Compared to the long-term average, all the building archetypes had higher cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were up 2.7% for the 3-storey office building, 4.4% for the 10-storey office building and 2.2% in the supermarket.


HOBART

Hobart experienced a more humid and hotter April compared to the long-term average. The wind speeds and GHI were higher, producing a 1.3% increase in the PV simulation output.

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While cooling peak loads were up 5.8% and 0.5% for the 3-storey and 10-storey office (respectively), the heating peak loads were 55% lower for both archetypes.


MELBOURNE

Melbourne experienced a more humid and cooler April compared to the long-term average. The wind speeds were lower, and the GHI showed little change, resulting in a 3.3% decrease in the PV simulation output.

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All the archetypes experienced lower cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were 12%, 20%, and 53% lower for the 3-storey office, 10-storey office, and supermarket, respectively.


PERTH

Perth experienced a significantly more humid and cooler April compared to the long-term average. The GHI was higher, but in general the wind speeds were similar, resulting in a 0.8% decrease in the PV simulation output.

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Energy Index (%)

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All the archetypes experienced lower cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were 33%, 34%, and 36% lower for the 3-storey office, 10-storey office, and supermarket, respectively.


SYDNEY

Sydney experienced a more humid and cooler April compared to the long-term average. The  GHI and wind speeds were lower, leading to a 10% decrease in the PV simulation output.

Weather Index

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Energy Index (%)

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All the archetypes experienced lower cooling consumption. Cooling peak loads were 13% lower for the 3-storey office and the 10-storey office, and 5% lower for the supermarket.

Congratulations to Exemplary’s intern Dario Tarquini on his graduation

Exemplary Energy would like to extend a (belated) note of congratulations to our intern Dario Tarquini for the completion of his Master of Engineering (Sustainable Energy) degree from RMIT last November.

Dario managed to achieve this success while working full-time with us at Exemplary, demonstrating his profound ability to juggle both his professional and academic responsibilities.

The focus of Dario’s thesis was “Cell Stacking Design to Enhance the Performance of the Proton Battery.” His research aimed to improve stack and material design for proton batteries, a novel energy storage technology that uses activated carbon as a hydrogen storage electrode. Proton batteries store energy in the form of hydrogen ions (protons) and offer benefits such as higher energy density and lower environmental impact compared to conventional energy storage technologies.

Dario explored various stack configurations and materials to determine the most effective balance between performance, durability and cost. By concentrating on the hydrogen storage electrode, an essential component of proton batteries, Dario contributed to enhancing their overall performance.

The completion of his Master of Engineering in Sustainable Energy has broadened Dario’s knowledge and skills in the sustainable energy field. As a dedicated member of the Exemplary Energy team, Dario looks forward to further exploring clean and efficient energy solutions and contributing to a more sustainable future.

Congratulations Dario!!